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What is Digital Impression Technology? What are the Applications in Restorative Dentistry?

2024-12-09

The traditional method of taking impressions through impression materials and instilling plaster models to obtain the anatomical shape of the oral cavity and face has been used for hundreds of years, and in the clinic, the traditional impression technology faces various problems due to the performance of various types of impression materials and gypsum itself, as well as the proportion of the modulation materials, temperature changes, the stability of the model placing time and material properties, and the sterilisation and preservation of the model, and other factors.

In recent years, digital impression technology has been gradually applied to the dental field. It provides a new way of thinking for the selection of oral restoration impression and the production of oral restorations.

1.What is digital impression?

Digital impression technology, that is, the use of digital scanning equipment to scan the patient's dentition and the surrounding hard and soft tissue conditions, so as to obtain a digital impression, in order to carry out further design and production, can be divided into the indirect method and direct method.

Indirect method

The indirect method involves scanning the model with digital scanning equipment to obtain data, and its mainstream technology is non-contact optical 3D measurement, i.e., laser measurement, with an accuracy of up to 1 μm.

In the past, most of the three-dimensional information was obtained by extraoral scanning, i.e. by scanning the impression or model of the teeth. 

Direct method

The direct method is to place the probe of the scanning equipment into the patient's oral cavity, scan and measure the dentition and related oral soft and hard tissues directly, and obtain the digital impression in real time, which eliminates the steps of taking impressions and making models in the traditional clinical work, thus avoiding all kinds of errors generated in the process and the discomfort of the patient that can easily be caused by the process, and at the same time, effectively reducing the consumption of manpower and materials. At the same time, it effectively reduces the consumption of labour and materials.

2.The advantages and disadvantages of digital mould technology

At present, through the intraoral direct scanning to obtain the three-dimensional data of the teeth has become an important development direction of the digital impression technology in recent years, this technology is convenient for clinical operation, and the data obtained is direct, fast and accurate.

However, at the same time, intraoral digital impression technology is also facing the limitations of its own technical shortcomings, on the one hand, in the intraoral scanning, will be subject to the head movement and oral environment, such as tongue, saliva, etc., which affects the quality of the image acquisition; on the other hand, each time the scanning, the change of the coordinate system to a certain extent affects the fusion of the reconstruction of the image. 

3.In oral restoration, digital impression technology has a variety of applications

1.Aesthetic restoration: digital technology can achieve accurate restoration of digitally designed personalised full anatomical shape and occlusal relationship, throughout the entire stage of oral restoration diagnosis and treatment, and become an important development trend in the field of oral digital restoration.

2.Implant restoration: in implant restoration, digital impression technology can accurately reproduce the position of the implant as well as the relationship with other hard and soft tissues in the oral cavity, which is one of the key steps in the production of implant denture.

3.Digital edentulous implant restoration: the application of digital impression technology in edentulous implant restoration provides the required equipment, preoperative preparation, data collection, surgical implementation, the process of restoration of superstructure, as well as the application of digital technology for edentulous implant restoration of the error and precautionary measures, the effect of the evaluation and long-term review and maintenance.
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